This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http : //books . google . com/ ► (i/u^']oo> ;i6. 3? HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY ,-0/ THE y COMPANION TO ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL: CONTAININa A DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS OBJECTS WORTHY ATTENTION, AND ITS HISTORY: TO WHICH IS AbiED, A BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE ANCIENT CHURCH, OAREFULLA COMPILED FR«)M THK WRITINGS OF DUGDALE, fcTOWE, MALCOLM, AND OTHERS BV E. M. CUM.flNGS. THIRTY-FIFTH FDJTIOX. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW .MONUMENTS, AND ALSO OF THE FUNERAL OP THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON, AND -^F HIS TOMB. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND MAY BE HAD OF HIM AT THE CATHEDRAL OF WHOM ALSO MAY BE HAD A FRENCH EDITION. 180ii. THE COMPANION ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. CONTENTS. M 0NUMSNT8 — (continued.) Names. Situation. CoUingwood, Lord S. Transept . Cooke, Captain Nave Comwallis, Marquis Nave Crawford, General N. Transept • JDnff, Captain Nave Duncan, Lord N. Transept . DundaSi General N. Transept • Fanlknor, Capt. S. Transept • Gibbs, General S. Transept . Gillespie, General S. Transept • Gore, General N. Transept • Hardinge, General S. Transept . Hay, General Sir A N. Transept . Heathfield, Lord S. Transept . Heber, Bishop Ch. S. Aisle . Hoghton, General N. W. Amb. Hoste, Sir Wm S. Transept . Howard, J S. Aisle .... Howe, Earl S. Transept . Johnson, Samuel N. Aisle .... Jones, Sir Wm I . . . . Nave Langwerth, General N. Transept • Le Marchant, General • . . • N. £. Amb. • Mackenzie, General N. Transept . Mackinnon, General N. Transept . Middleton, Bishop S. W. Aisle • Miller, Capt S. Transept • Moore, Sir John S. Transept . Mosse, Capt N. Transept . Myers, Sir Wm N. W. Amb. Nelson, Lord Naye Pakenham, Gen. ........ S, Transept • Picton, Sir T N. Transept . Ponsonby, Sir Wm N. Transept • Reynolds, Sir J Nave Kiou, Capt N. Transept • Rodney, Lord N. Transept . Ross, General S. E. Amb. . Skerrett, General N. Transept . St. Vincent, Sail of N. Transept . Westcott, Capt N. Transept . Wren, Sir C, epitaph Sculptor. WettmacoU . Westmacoti . Ro8ti Bacon, Jun» Bacon, Jun. Westmacott Bacon, Jun, Ro98i Wetdmacoti . Chanirey . . Chanirey . . Manning . . Hopper . . . . R088i Chanirey . • Chantrey . • Campbell . • Bacon.. .... Flcucman . • Bacon Bacon, Jun. Manning . • Smith Manning • • Bacon, Jun. Louth FUunnan .. Bacon, Jun. Rossi Kendrick . . Flajcman .. Westmacoti Gahagan • . Bailey .... Flaaman . • Rossi Rossi Kendrick . . Chantrey , • Bailey .... Banks 27 U 14 44 16 10 43 28 30 30 10 30 42 28 24 40 30 20 26 «2 33 43 12 43 44 39 2C 31 11 40 12 30 41 10 39 11 41 24 la 42 43 16 coimnnm. APPENDIX. IToHIJllllIfS BBOIHfLT XRBOXSO. Namei. SitnatioiL Jones, General S. B. Amb.... Malcolm, Sir J. P. Loch,Gapt S.W. Aisle... Lyons^ Capt S. W. Aiile.. 6« 69 TO Crimean Monument S. W. Aisle... MarochotH»». 71 Wellington Tomb 76 Coffin 78 Senlptor. Behsnei .... Bailey, JL A. Marochatii., NobU EXPLANATION. A. North Portico or Entrance. B. Prebendaries' Vestry. C. Choir. D. Altar. E. Dean's Vestry. P. South Portico. O. Staircase to the Gallery. H. Marble Font. I. Ecclesiastical Court. K. Geometrical Staircase. L. Bell Tower. M. Morning Ghax)el. N. Lord Mayor's Vestry. THE COMPANION TO ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL This noble edifice stands pre-eminently first amongst th& works of architecture of our later days in the British empire, and is acknowledged to be the most magnificent Protestant church in the world. The first particular that generally attracts the eye of the spectator is the stupendous magnitude of the dome, which cannot fail of exciting awe and admiration. The dome is based on the intersection of the nave and transept, ano is supported in majestic simplicity by eight massive pieis, each of them forty feet square; all the other piers being only twenty-eight. The ground ^lan of the church is a Latin cross, having lateral projections at the West end of the nave, with the view of giving width and importance to the elevation of the West front, according to the annexed engraving. THE MONUMENTS. Of the many objects that claim especial notice, those by which the attention of visitors generally is longest de- tained, are the monumental sculptures erected in honour of various distinguished individuals. I shall endeavour in this work to describe them in such a manner as shall be most convenient for inspection; beginning at the left-hand side of the entrance door, and so passing round till the visitor arrives at the point whence he started. The first in order is a monument executed by Sir F. Chantrey, from a design of the late Mr. ToUemache, representing Fame consolin&r Britannia for the loss of her heroes. It also bears the following inscription : — 10 GORB AND SKERRETT — OUNCAIf. Elected at the public expense to the memory of Major-GreDeralft.ARi\Hfrji Go&x and John Bynb Skbrrbtt, who fell gloriously while leading the troops to the assault of tlie fortress of Bergen-op-Zoom, on the night of the 8th and 9th of Mardi, 1814. Contiffuous to this is that of Sir William Fonsonby, designea by R. Theed, R.A., and executed since his death by £. H. Bailey, A.R.A, The death of Ponsonby waa occasioned hj the weakness of hii^ horse, which broke down under him in a charge, and left him disabled under the lances of the French cuirassiers. Accordingly, the animal is represented falling lang^uidly to the earth ; whilst his master, a figure without drapery, in the foreground, is kneeling in a constrained posture, in the act of receiving a wreath of laurel, at the moment of death, from the hands of Victory. Erected at the Public expense to the Memory of Major-general the Hon. Sir William Pomsonbt, who fell gloriously in the Battle of Waterloo ; on the 18th of June, 1815. On the right, opposite to the one I have just described, and against the great pier, is a statue, by Westmacott, of the celebrated Lord Duncan. The Admiral has his boat- cloak, or dreadnought, around him ; his hands clasping his sword, transversely before him. The pedestal represents, in alto-relievo, a seaman, with his wife and child, designed to commemorate the regard in which this illustrious officer was held by even the humblest of those who sailed under him, and wno contributed to the ^lory of his achievements. Both the design and the execution are in the best taste. The inscription upon the monument is as follows : — Erected at the public expense to the memory of Adam Loud Viscount Duncan, as a testimony of his distinguished eminence in the naval service of his country ; and as a particular memorial of the glorious and important victory which he gained over the Dutch fleet on the nth of October, 1797. He died on the 4th Aug. 1804. Under the window, the recess before you contains the monument, by Mr. C. Rossi, presenting an insulated base, M08SB AND RlOU — BOW £8. U charged with a sarcophajgos, on the front of which Vic- tory and Fame are placing medallions of the deceased officers : — The services and death of two Taliaut and disting^hed officers, Jambs Robsrt Mosse, Captain of the Monarch, and Edward Riou, of the Amazon, who fell in the attack upon Copenhagen, conducted by Lord Nelson, 2nd of April, 1801, are commemorated by this monument, erected at the national expense. Jambs Robbrt Mossb was bom in 1746 ; he senred as Lieutenant seyeral years under Lord HowCt and was promoted to the rank of Post-Captain in 1790. To Edward Riou, who was bom in 1762, an extraordinary occasion was presented, in the eaiiy part of his services, to signalize his intrepidity and presence of mind, which were combined with the most anxious solicitude for the lives of those under his command, and a magnanimous disregard of his own, when his ship, the Guardian, struck upon an island of ice^ in December 1789, and afforded no prospect but that of immediate destraction to those on board. Lieut. Riou encouraged all who desired to take their chance of preserving themselves in the boat, to consult their own safety ; but, judging it contrary to his own duty to desert the vessel, he neitiier gave himself up to despair, nor relaxed his exertions ; whereby, after ten weeks of the most perilous navigation, he suc- ceeded in bringing his disabled ship into port ; received his high reward of fortitude and perseverance from Divine Providence, on whose protection he relied. Turning to the right in the ambulatory above, is a tabu- lar monument, by Sir Francis Chantrey, representing MajoT-General Bowes in the act of stormmg the forts of Salamanca. The steep breach of a shattered wall is crowded with the enemy, and covered with the slain ; the General leads his troops on to the charge with fixed bayo- nets ; the bearer of the French standard mis fallen at lus feet, when, in the very moment of victory, he receives a mortal wound, and falls into the arms of one of his soldiers. Erected at the pwblic expense, to the memory of Msyor-General Foord Bowes, who fell gloriously on the 27th of June, 1812, while leading the troops to tiie assault of the fortress of Salamanca. The opposite panel, on the left over the door, contains the monument of Major-General Le Marchant, designed 12 LE MARCHANT — D£. JOHNSON. by the late James Smith, and executed by Mr. C. Rossi , on which the genius of Spain is depicted, placing trophies of victory on the warrior^s tomb, and at the same time mourning his fall. Britannia, seated, is pointing out the monument to a military cadet, as a tribute raised by a grateful nation, to inspire her sons with emulation. Erected at the public expense to the memory of Major-Greneral John Gaspard Lk March ant, who fell gloriously in the battle of Salamanca, July the 22d, 1812. The statue of Dr. Johnson, by John Bacon, R.A.,*is placed near the iron gate, leading into the north aisle against the north-east pier. The philosopher is repre- sented with a scroll in his hands, in the attitude of pro- found thought. The desi^ and execution are admirable, and convey as just an idea of the peculiar character of the great moralist and lexicographer, as it is possible to im- j^art through the medium of a statue. — ^The Latin inscrip- tion on the pedestal is by Dr. Parr : — 1 n Sami;eli Johnson, Grammatico . et . critico Scriptorum . anglicorum . litterate . perito Poetse . luminibus . sententiarum et • ponderibus . verborum . admirabili magistro . virtutis . gravissimo homini • optimo . et . singularis . exempli qui . vixit . ann . lxxv . mens . il . dieb. xinl decessit . idib . decembr . ann . Christ . do . loco . lxxxiiiI sepult . in sed . sanct . Petr . Westmonasteriens xiil . kal . januar . ann . Christ . do. lace . lxxxv amici . et . sodales . litterarii pecunia . conlata H. M. Faciund. Curaver. On one side of the monument: — Faciebat Johannes Bacon, Sculptor. Ann. Christ. m.dcc.lxxxxy. Proceeding a few yards further, between the dome and the choir gates, is the monument of Lord Nelson, by Flaxman. The figure of the Admiral, arrayed in the • Erected in 1795. for 1100 guineas. t For a translation of the abore inicripticv. toe Appendix, page 68. LORD Xr£L80K. 14 NELSON— CORNWALLIS. pelisse presented to him by the Saltan, leans upon an tnchor, with a coil of rope at his feet : on the right of the pedestal stands Britannia, with two young seamen, whose reverential regard she is bespeaking to the hero as their great example. The British lion on the other side needs no explanation. The figures in rehef on the pedestal are allegorical representations of the North Sea, the German Ocean, the Nile, and the Mediterranean, in which his triumphs were effected. On the cornice are the words "Copenhagen," "Nile, "Trafalgar." Erected at the public expense to tbe memory of Vice-Admirai( Ho&atio Viscount Nelson, K.B. to record his splendid and unparalleled achievements during a life spent in the service of his country, and terminated at the moment of victory by a glorious death $ in the memorable action off Cape Trafalgar, on 2l8t of October, 1805. Lord Nfilson was bom on the 29th of September, 1758. The Battle of the Nile was fought on the Ist of August, 1798. The B«tfcle of Copenhagen on the 2nd of April, 1801. Immediaieljr opposite to that of Nelson, is a monument to the Marquis Comwallis, by Mr. C, Rossi, which con- sists of a pyramidal group, the statue of the Marquis on a circular jedestal, or truncated column, forming the apex. The sta^e is robed as a knight of the garter : the two principdr figures at the base are personifications of the BritiS^^m,pxre in Europe and in Asia : the figures to the right f represent the Begareth and Ganges, rivers in the East*,^. Of these sta^tupsy that of the Masquis resembles life, and||}fC}9.ii^ig(^fV^^^'0^ Britannia is rather mean and awkward^ and those of the other deities are strikingly ex- pres^^ve. The following is the inscription : — A'^ To the memory of ■ ^[^ . Charles Marquis Cornwallib, ,^- Governor General of Bengal, who died 5th of October, 1805, aged 66, at Ghazeepore, in the province of Benares, In his progress to assume the command of the army in the field. This monument is erected at the public expense, in testimony of his high and distinguished public character, h|8 long and eminent public services, both as a soldier and a statesman, and the unwearied zeal with which his exertions were employed in the last moments of his life, to promote the interest and honor of his country MABQinS COBirWALLXB. 16 COOKB— DUFF— WREN. In the panel above is an alto relievo, by Mr. Westmacott^ nspresenting Britannia mouminc^ for Captain John Cooke, and consoled by one of her children presenting her wilh her trident, and another her helmet; while, in the back ^und, is ihe prow of a vessel, to indicate tnat the work 18 a naval monument : — Erected at the public expense to the memory of Captain John Cookb, who ma killed Commandi]]^ the Bellerophon^ in the battle of Trafalgar, in the 44th year of his age, and the 30thi>f his services. Opposite to this is the monument of Captain Di^ by Mr. Bacon. The fibres consist of Britannia decorating a sarcophagus, on wnich is placed a medallion of the de- ceased hero, with laurel ; and a British sailor bearing the naval flag, lamenting the loss of his commander. Erected at the public expense to the memory of Captain Gborge Duff, who was killed 21st October, 1805, commanding the Mars, in the battle of Trafalgar in the 42nd year of his age, and the 29th of his serrice. The next object which claims particular attention is the beautiful Screen, with its gates of wrought iron, the entrance into the choir, from the naye. This is extremely elegant; the workmanship is by Monsieur Tijou.* Here also are eiffht very splendid Corinthian columns of blue veined marble, that support the mappiificent organ and gallery, which are ricmy ornamented with carved work. On the side next the dome, in front of this gallery, on a Slain marble slab (formerly in gold letters), is the foUow- ig Latin inscription : — Subtus conditur hujus Ecclesise et urbis Conditor Christophorus Wrbn, qui vixit annos ultra nonaginta, non sibi sed bono publico. liCCtor, si monumentum requiris, circumspicev Obiit 25 Feb. setatis 91 ; An. 1723. Of which the following is the English : Beneath lies Sir Christopher W^en, the builder of tiiia church and city, who U^ed upwards of 90 yean, not for himself, but for the public good. Reader, seekest thou his monument ? Look around I • Tt r which he wis paid 2i. er foot luiM flcia^ la IIW BAST PBOKT OP THE OROAK OP ST. PAULS THS ORftAW. 19 Above iMft is the noble Orgaoi^ iivMch fcnr qnalily of 1 k catecawt^ one <^ Ihe fiacst ia Bag^kaiKd* f(rwaB fauitelbjr thai ceiebrafted actist^ Bomaxd Sehinidt^ better known, ift jhirtiiifl IjT thr Tiinmir nf Fithrr fiinith iti Km Ik: eoK 2Q^UL csBuuttve of the case.* Sinee its ereetixHif it hn iBkimgOBLe two very important irapio^iaeDtB : the first ia 1801> by MeasTSw (wom.ii and liutt^ the aecond^ in. 1880^ by tliisteniBie&t aaid well kaiowii aidat, Mr. Bishop, (whose name m an ocgan-haildHr ift aa justly appsedated^) and who has aiso the otr& of k. Several new stops were added to tibe infitrasneBt when it wa» last rc^)aired^ which have gzcBtly contriholed ta the majestie depth and fuhtess of its tone;. It n0w eontaiirs thivty-tww- stops^ and among the new <»es< nay be particQlarly mentiosedy the. magnileeiit pedal pipes, which a/te justly adoBOwledged to be the finest ever made in EnfflaBd^ by this ceLdbssSed artist. . It has 2123 pipes ; aad sdthoe^ in this respect it is; not qidte- so ezteosive a» seme others in the ine!trGf>olis>yet Irom tibe pe«- cnliar censtraotioB oi the huildii^ the effects produce^ when operated upon by Ihe organist, ia equal to those of an mstnuaent containing double the waaAs&c of stops.. The late repairs^ by Wt. Bishop were execnted under the inaae^ diate superintendence, and from the plan of that disdit- snished pvofessor, Mr. Cooper, assistant organist o£ the The stsdla (^ the dioir are eimdked with festoona of Hawers, && in the shape of scrolls, and are perhaps (if we must except the productions of the ssone master at Chats- worth, the seat of the Duke of Devonshire) the most splen- did caorvings in the world;: the flowers seem to partake all the Mastic lightness of nature : one nu^^ht ahnost imagine, that, were a zephyr to blow, it would, stir them, — that m^ the waning season they would fade; But they are, indeed, impmshable. Lao^ags fidls in an attempt to deseribe theiz surpassing exceUenee.. They have immortalized the artist by whom thej were executed (GrinHn Gibjaoi:^ who- was appouited Master Sculptor to George I. in 1713^ and who died in 1721. The altar-piece is adorned with l(M».nohle fluted pilastera, painted and veined with gold« in intalaoA •£ lapis laziiy^. and their capitals are double- gilfc. In the intsieoliminiaifciem below are nine marble panels. The table is covered with crimson velvet, and * According to contract; and contained only twenty-one whde stops, and izhalfs or echoes. a» TBI CHOIR. above, in two series, iare six windows. The floor of the choir and side aisles is all white ; the body and west-end of the Church is paved alternately with black and white marble, save that part within the rails of the altar, which is of porphyry, polished and laid in several geometrical figures. On each side of the choir is a range of fifteen stalls, with the episcopal throne or chair of state on the south side, near the altar, surmounted by a mitre, which is seldom occupied but on occasions of CTeat solemnity. The more usual stall for the Bishop of the diocese may be known by the carved pelican suckling its young, and the mitre upon it. Opposite is the Lord Mayor's stall, recog- nized by the city sword and mace; the Dean's stall is covered by a canopy under the organ gallery, and may be distinguished by festoons of fruit and flowers. The con- tiguous seats on each side of the gates are reserved for the canons residentiary; while the minor canons, lay vicars, and choristers have seats appropriated to them on either side of the choir. The reader's desk is in the middle of the choir, within a handsome brass railing, and is an ex- ceeding:ly fine specimen of the kind. Jt is entirely of brass, richly gilt, and consists of an eagle with expanded wings, supported by a pillar. The pulpit now stands towards the middle of the floor, near the reading desk, having been brought forward from the spot where it originally stood near the bishop's stall, for the greater convenience of the congregation. It was designed by the late Mr. Mylne. The carving, which is very elegant, was executed by Wyatt. The choral service is performed here twice every day, — at a quarter before ten m the morning, and at a quartei past three in the afternoon ; on which occasions, of course, the body of the Church is open free to the public. Sermons are also preached by the dean and canons residentiar^r on Sundays and holidays, and every Wednes- day and Friday during Lent. Divine service is likewise performed in the morning chapel every week-day morn- ing, at eight o'clock. Returning from the choir to the entrance of the south aisle, on the right, is the statue of John Howard, by Bacon, R.A. It is a plain but expressive statue, representing .he philanthropist in the Roman costume, trampling on YIEW OV IHB OHOIR 01* ST. PAUL'S. 23 Srtfetfli^aiid bnnng'iii: Ida ri^h^IaaHL a key, and in lurleft a vdkf, oiE n^ch ace JaBcribed the worda^ ^ Plan fbv the iBmsnmnairof Piuona and Hoqntali.'' The front of tit peaaaM is fiHed ividi a doaign in haMo-RlieYO, in which a prigwi aMneiaiBflEraduGed^ widi a fignae distribntiBg Ibod and raiBMirt. . Tha c pito h was written by Howard^s veJa- tioB^ the late Samuel Whsthreadj^ and ia engraved ou die naikaide of the pedestals JDHNHOWAKD.* This extraordinary man had the fortune to be honoured whilst tiving in the manner whidi his virtues deserved ; Hfl racMivcd thee thanks of both hoaae» of thfl Bditia}i and Irish Barliamante for his enunent services rendased to his country, and. to mnnkinA Our national prisana and hospitals, improved upon. the. snggeatiQii of hu wisdom, boar testimoiiy ta tha sofidil^ o£ hia ludgmcEBlr and. to thaestanatiQiLin. isUeh he waa.haUL. In every paatof the cxviiized world, which he traversed ta oaduca th& sum of hnmaa misery, from the throne to tfaa.dBns^QBt»,his name was mentioned with rs^peot, gpntitudot and admisotion. Hiamodaat}' alona defeated varioua efforto> which were made during his life^ toesact this staliie,. which tha piiblic hafi>now ooaseerated to his memory. Be was born at Hackney, in the county of Middlesex, Sept. 2nd. 1726. The early part of his Ufa he spent in retirement, reai^Ung principally upon his paternal estate, at CardmgtoBv in Bedfordshire, for wikich oounty he served the office of sheriff; in the year 1773. He expired at Cheraon, ia Eitssian Tartary, ea the 20th Janiary 1790^ a victim to the perilous and benevolent attempt to aaaa t a a a f^ffoaiiea of,, and find aa eftrwnifwar remedy for, the league* His. tiod an open and unfrequented path to iBHaortality, in akor anient. aadunBemitted eoosrcise of Christian Chaeifty.. May this tribute to his fame ezeite.aa emulation o£ his truly gloriouaachieveinentsi * This was the first monament erected in the Cathedral, in the year 1709. ■DO was opened to public insuection. ▲.!>• 1708 24 BISHOP At the upper or east end of this aisle is one of the moit splendid monuments in the Cathedral. It is a heautifol specimen of art from the chisel of Sir Francis Chantrey, erected to the memory of that truly eminent Christian, Bishop Heber, and is delineated in the annexed engraving. This eminent Christian prelate is represented in hu canonical robes, kneeling on a cushion, m the devotional attitude of prayer, with his right hand placed on his breast, and his left resting on a volume of the Holy Scriptures. On the pedestal, in alto relievo, he is represented in the same attitude confirming two natives, who are kneeling before him. To the Memory of Rboinald Hbbbb, D.D. Lobd Bishop of Calcutta, This Monument was erected by those who loved and admired him. His character exhibited a rare onion of fervent zeal with uniyersal tolerance, of brilliant talent with sober judgment. And was especially distinguished by Chnstian humility which no applause could disturb, no success abate. He cheerfully resigned prospects of eminence at home, in order to become the chief missionary of Christianity in the East, and having in the short space of three years visited the greater part of India, and conciliated the afifections and veneration of men of every dass of religion. He was there summoned to receive the reward of his labours, in the zliii d year of his age, mdcccxxvi. * Thou art gone to the grave, but we wfTI not deplore thee Though sorrow and c^rkness encompass the tomb ; Thy Saviour has passed through the portal before thee. And the lamp of his love is thy guide through the gloom. Thou art gone to the grave, but we will not deplore thee. Whose God was thy Ransom, thy OoMdian and Guide; He gave thee, he took thee, and he will restore thee, And death has no sting, for the Saviour has died.* A few yards from this south aisle gate, on the left, is die door leading to the crypt or vaults, above which is a tabular monument, by Mr. J. Kendrick, to the memory of Major-general Ross. The sculpture represents Valour laying an American flag upon the departed soldier's tomb, over which Britannia is bending in tears; Fame BISHOP HBBBB. 26 ROSS — CADOGAN— HC WTK. also is descending with a laurel wreath to crown his bust Erected at the public CYpense to the Memory of Major-general Robert Ross, Who having undertaken and executed an enterprise against the city of Washington, the capital of the United States of America, Which was crowned with complete success, Was shortly afterwards killed, while directing a successful attack upon a superior force, near the city of Baltimore^ on the 12th day of September, 1814. On the opposite panel, against the pier, is the monu- ment of Colonel Cadogan, by Sir F. Chantrey, which may be referred to as a model of monumental sculpture. Whei? che colonel was disabled from persisting in the battle, he desired his men to convey him to an ^joining eminence from -^hen^ he could witness the issue of the contest. Heie the artist has represented the dying officer, borne along by his m6n, with nis face still turned towards the enemy. One standard of the Eagle and its bearer appears trodden under foot, while another is about to fly. These frequently imply the defeat ahd rout of the French ; while the soldiers who support their colonel, are waving their hats tn the moment of the victory. Art is thus ingeniously made subservient to historical truths. The performance demands entire approbation, ' Erected at the public expense to the memory of Colonel the Hon. Hbn. CiJioQXtr, who gloriously fell in the commaiid of a brigade, in the memorable battle of Vittoria, 2l8t June 1813. When a complete victory was gained over the French army by the allied forces, under the Marquis of Wellington. Colonel Cadogan was son of Charles Sloan e. Earl Cadogan, bom 26th February, 1780. [For a description of the monument of Qen, Jone*^ te AppmMxt p, Joshua Rbtnolds, the first painter of his age, snd in the brightness and hurmony of his colouring, mutually exciting the varieties of light and shadoi second to none of the ancient masters ; i who, possessing the highest glories of his profession^ be^me still fieurther estimable by the snayity of his manners, and the elegance of his life ; who found the art languishing and nearly exhaupted upon eartii, revived its charms by the most beautiful exertions, illustrated its rules by precepts the most .exquisitely written, and bequeathed it to ^e emulation of posterity corrected and poUshed,-;- this statue was placed, by the friends and fosterers of his fame, in the year of salvation, 1813. Bom 16th July, mdccxxiii. Died 23rd February, Mbccxcii. A few steps farther, in the panel above, on the left, is a tabular monument, by Sir F. Chantrey, to the, memory of Major-general Hoghton, who received a mortal wound, while leading his troops to a successful charge on the French at Albuhera. He lived a few moments after, and witnessed the total defeat of the enemy. The design repre- sents the general rising from the ground, after he had re- ceived the ball which Silled him, but still animated with the order of battle, directing his men, who are introduced in a charge of bayonets. In the bade ground is a figure of Victory; she holds the British colours in one handj and with the othei extends a wreath of laurel to crows the fallen soldier. The epitaph is short. I Erected at the public expense to the memory of Major-general Daniel Hoghton, who gloriously fell, 16th May, 1811, at Albuera. The opposite is devoted to Sir William Myers, by Ken drick. It represents Wisdom and Valour (Minerva anc Herci3les) meeting before a tomb, which is surmounted bj imnUh^BODNIT— PICTON. 41 ftbust The figures are cltuping each the hand of the other, and aie pointing to the hust. . Erected at the public expense to the memory of Lieutenant-colonel Sia "Wm. Mtbrs, Bart., who gloriously fell in the battle of Albuera, May 16th, 1811, aged 27 years. His Olnstrioog commander, the Doke of Wellington, bore this honourable testimony to his services and abilities, m a letter to Lady Myers, written from Elras, May 20, 1811 : «« It will be some satisfaction to you to know that your son fell in the action, in which, if possible the British troops surpassed all their former deeds, and, at the head of the fasileer brigade, to which a great part of the final success of the day was to be attributed. As an officer he had already been highly distin- guished, and, if ProTidence had prolonged his life, he promised to become one of the brightest ornaments to his profession, and an honour to his country.*' {Sir Pulteney Maleoim*9 Manumtni is dgscribed, p, 67.] Advancing a few yards in the recess, under the window, is a monument to Lord Rodney. The seated figure is a ];>ersoiiification of History. She is listening to Fame expar tiating upon the merits of Rodney, whose statue is elevated upon the pedestal in the centre. Rossi was the artist employed upon the group, for which he received the ample reward of 6,0(X) guineas. It has the following inseription : — Erected at the public expense to the memory of Geo&ob Brydoes Rodney, K.B. LoBD Rodney, Vice Admiral of England, As a testimony of the gallant and important services, which he rendered to his country, in that of 12th April, 1782, when a brilliant and decisive victory was obtained over the French fleet, and an effectual protection was afforded to the West Indian islands, and to the commercial interest of this kingdom, in the very crisis of the American war. Lord Rodney was bom 1718 : — died 24th May, 1792. Under the adjoining window, is a monument, by Mr. Ga- hagan, to Sir Thomas Picton. Genius is personified in the statue of a winged youth, and leans on the shoulder of an ancient warrior, who is designed to represent Valour, and Btands in the act of receiving a wreath of laurel from the 42 ST. VINCENT — HAT. hands of Victoir. Behind this group is placed a pillar. surmounted with a bust of the deceasea. Erected at the public iexpense To Lieutenant-general Sir Thomas Picton, K.G. C.B* who, after distinguishing himself in the victories of Busaco, Fuentes de Onor, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Vittoiiav the Pyrenees, Orthes, and Toulouse, terminated his long and glorious military service, in the ever memorable battle of Waterloo, to the splendid success of which his genius and valour eminently contributed, on the 18th of June, 1815. A^nst the great pier opposite is a colossal statue, by Mr. Bailey, of the late Earl St. Vincent, standing on a pedestal, and resting on a telescope. The bass-relief re- presents history, recording the name of the deceased hero on a pyramid, while Victory laments his loss. Erected at the public expense, to the memory of John Earl of St. Vincent, as ft testimony of his distinguished eminence in the naval service of his country, and as ft particular memorial of the glorious and important victory which he gained over tiie Spanish fleet off Cape St. Vincent, on the 14th of February, 1797. He died on the 13th of March, 1823. On the right of the north door entrance is a monument, by Mr. H. Hopper, to the memory of Major-general Sir Andrew Hay. It represents the deceased officer habited in his regimentals, sinking into the arms of an athletic attendant ; a sentinel stands by in an attitude of grief; and in the back-ground a guard is seen marching his rounds. I Erected at the public expense to the memory of Major-general Andrew Hat. i He was bom in the county of Banff, in Scotland, and fell on the 14th of April, 1814, j before the fortress of Bayonne, in France, in the 52nd year of his age, and the 34th of his services, j closing a military life, marked by zeal, I prompt decision, and signal intrepidity. Advancing from the north door towards the centn DUNDAS^BCACKENZIE— LAKOWEATH—WESTCOTT. 43 area, on the left against the ereat pier is the momiment to Major-general Dundas, by Mr. Bacon, jun. Here Bri- tannia appears attended by Sensibihty ; and the Genius of Britain crowns a bust of the general with a wreath of laurel. The basso-relievo, on the front of the pedestal, represents Britannia defending Liberty from the attack of Fmud and Rebellion. Major-general Thomas Dundas, died June 3d, 1794, aged 44 years, the best tribute to whose merit and public services will be found in the following vote of the House of Commons, for the erection of this memoriaL June 5th, 1795. "Resolved, nemine contradicent^, That an humble address be presented to his Majesty, that he will be gra- ciously pleased to give directions that a monument be erected in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, London, to the memory of Major General Dundas, as a testimony of the grateful sense entertained by this House of the eminent serrices which he ren- dered to his country, particularly in the reduction of the French West India Islands.*' In the panel above this, is a tabular monument, by C. and S. Manning, to the memory of Generals Mackenzie and Langwertn. Victory appears lamenting the loss of her heroes, while two sons of Britain recount their valiant achievements. Against the tomb are two wreaths, inti- mating the fall of two warriors, the helmet on the head of one boy, and the wreath of oak-leaves on the other, imply the military service connected with its honours and rewards in the sons of Britain. NATIONAL MONUMENT, To Major-general J. R. Mackenzie, and Brigadier-general R. Langwebth, who fell at Talavera, July 26th, 1809. On the opposite pier is a monument, by Banks, to Capt. Westcott, and displays the hero falling into the arms ol Victory. This officer was killed in the memorable battle of the Nile. The explosion of the French ship L'Orient is introduced in the basso relievo ; and the neighbouring Egyptian shore is exemplified in the sphynxes and palm- trees ; the recumbent figure on the pedestal is taken from an ancient statue of the river Nile, 44 dtAVFOBD AND MACKINNON. 'Erected af «ie jjublic eaqjiease to the mcmoiy «f fisoBOE Bla<9^don Wsbtcott, Captain of die MiyestiAi who, after 33 years service, fell gloriously in tiie Tictory obtained over the French fleet oflF Aboiikir, the firs6dayof Angfost, in the7ear.l798,in the forty-sixth jem of lus age. On the upper ledge is Thomas Banks, R.A. Sculpt., 1605. In the panel above is a memorial to Generals Craufuid and Mackinnon, by Bacon, jun. It represents a Highland soldier leaning upon a double tomb at one end, with the figurer of Victory at the other, crowning with laurel i stand of colours, which occupy the centre. The extremities are worked off vnth a lion pawing a fallen eagle, a gun and shield carved with the arms of Spain, &c. Erected by the Nation to Major-general Robitrt CRA"tTrtfKD, arid ' Miqor-'genreral Henry Mackinnon, who fell at Ciudad Rodrigo, Janimry 19th, 1812. 'Having viewed this part of the Cathedral, visitors if they chofose, on the payment of sixpence each person, will iw conducted to the Ciypt or Vaults underneath, pre-! ceded by the guide with a lantern and candle, where! every thing worth noticing will be explained ; the crypt,! like the body of the Cathedral, is divided into three ave-| nnes by massive pillars^ forty feet square ; it is comfortably wannand dry, and with the exception of the portion beneath the area of the dome, is tolerably well lighted and ventilated by windows opening into the Church- yard. The crypt under the eastern. |)8Jt of old St. PauVs, waa used for the performance of divine service, as the parish church of St, Faith ; this was a common appropriation oj the vaults of our old Cathedrals; but thev are now use^ only as places of sepulture or interment. The present nortj aisle is appropriated to the parishioners of St. Faith foi this purpose. Beneath the semi-circular apsis are deposite<3 all tnat remain of the monuments of the old Catnedra^ the most perfect amongst them is that of Dr. Donne, wh< died at the commencement of the seventeenth century Previous to his death, he caused a picture of himself to w painted, in which he was represented in his shroud, an^ CRYPT OR tAULTS. 4f Erom this paintin? his monument vtiS sculptured, by the celebrated Nicholas Stone, who lived in the reign of James I, and Charles I. A memorandum, found in Stone's pocket-book, states that he was paid 120/. for it, '* of which I took 60JL in pkte," in part of payment Here are also the ef&gies of Sir Nicholas Bacon and his lady in a sitting posture ; Sir Christopher Hatton, lord chancellor, in armour ; Sir Thomas Heneage, knight, also in armour ; Sir WiUiam Cockayne ; and the mutilated bust of Dr. John Colet, dean of St. Paul's, who died 1519. Here also repose the remains of Sir Joshua Reynolds, John Opie, James Barry, Benjamin West, and Sir Thomas Lawrence, the celebrated painters ; and Robert Mylne, who designed and executed Blackfhars' Bridge ; also the cele- brated Dr. Boyce, and that highly-esteemed and amiable christian, Mr. T. Attwood, late organist of this Cathedral for upwards of thirty-five years. Under the south aisle of the cnoir, in one of the recesses for the windows, beneath a plain slab, raised about twelve inches from the ground, lie the remains of Sir Christopher Wren* and immediately beneath the centre of the dome, pointed out above by a brass plate let into the pavement, is a sarcopha^ of black marble, having on it a coronet and a cushion,; and i)laced on a base of masonry, within which is the body of Nelson: on the pedestal are the words " Horatio Viscount Nelson.'* The sarcophagus was originally prepared by order of Cardinal Wolsey, for nis own entombment, in the chapel of St. George's at Windsor. The remains of Lord Col- lingwood rest undei: an altar tomb on one side of that of his illustrious commander, and on the other side are depo- sited those of the late Earl of Northesk, besides many others too niunerous to mention in so smaU a work as thLsf But before I close this part, I shall subjoin the following dimensions of several cathedrals, with a view to assist comparisons: — £1, PauVi. St, Peter*8. Canterbury, York. Extreme length 500 feet. 615 feet. 54 5 feet. 61 8 feet. Length of choir 165 „ 180 „ 16?^ „ Breadth of transept... 250 „ 448 „ 170 „ 241 „ Height from floor to the top of the cross.... 356 „ 437^ „ 235 „ 235 ^ Height from the street 404 „ • This is suppowd to be the fpot where the high alter formerly itood t Tor Wellington Tomb, see page 76. 46 , STATUE OF Q0EEN ANNl. Height of Strasburgk spire is 456 feet. » of Vienna do. is 465 do. Exterior diameter of St. Paul's cupola is 145 feet. : of St. Peter's do. 189 „ The BUT&ce of the church is Portland stone. At the enid of both the north and south transept is a beautiM semi- circular portico, which is approached by a flight of steps ; and the building above it is terminated upwards by a peoi- ment. In the tympanum of one of wnich (that on the south side) appears a phoenix, sculptured by Gibber, the father of tie noted actor, with the motto, " Rcsurgam," for which he was paid 106^, and of which the following anec- dote is related : ^' When Sir Christopher Wren was marking out the dimensions of the dome, a man was desired to bring a flat stone from one of the heaps, in order to mark out the centre; this being placed in its situation, presented on its surface the word ' Eesurgam,' in large letters, which circumstance was regarded as a good omen." At the west end of the Cathedral, above a noble flight of steps, is pre- sented a double portico of coupled columns, twelve in number in the lower, and eight in the upper, terminated by a pediment; in the tympanum of which is sculptured the Conversion of St* Paul, executed by the celebrated Francis Bird, for which he received 650/. ; the tympanum is 64 feet long, and 17 feet high; the colossal figure on the apex of the pediment represents St. Paul ; and thtxse immediately on- the right and left, St. Peter and St. James, —each of them stands 1 1 feet high, — they were ail ex- ecuted by the ingenioas Mr. Bird, who was principally employed in the decorations. Before the west front of the Cathedral, within the palisade, is a statue of Queen Ann, formed of white marble, with corresponding decorations ; the figures on the base represent Britannia with her'Spear, Gallia with her crown, Hibemia with her harp, and America with her bow — executed by the same ingenious artist; for which he charged 11801. The inclosed ground plot of the Cathedral occupies a space equal to 2 acres, 16 perches, and 70 feet. This extensive fabric is also surrounded by a dwarf stone-wall, on which is erected the most magnificent balustrade of "t-iron perhaps in the universe. This paHsade is 5 feet ^hes in height (exclusive of the wall) and is ficom tlie MEMBERS OF THE CATUSHRAU 47 forge of Lamberhurst, in Kent. In this are sdFen beauti- ful gates, which, together with the balustrades, 2500 in number, weigh 200 tons and 81 lbs., having cost sixpence per pound. The whole cost, therefore, amounts to the sum of 11,202/. 6d, The building itself cost, in erecting, 736,752/. 2s, 3d,, making together the enormous sum of 747,954/. 2s, 9d. Such is a general outline of this cathedi^l, but the vast Eile, which would be imposing from its magnitude alone, ad it nothing more to boast of, is also invested with the highest degree of beanty and grandeur by the superb decorations with which almost everjrpart of. it is enricned. Its elegant outline* unbroken simplicity and dignity, claim for it pre-eminence.; while so far as regards construction, it may be pronounced one of the greatest triumphs ever acmeved, by mathematical and architectural skill. The members of the cathedral at its foundation consisted of a bishop, thirty major canons or prebendaries, twelve minor canons, and thirty vicars choral, (now reduced to six.) In addition to these, were the children of the choir, the young clerks educating for the ministry, — then called indifferently Pueri Meemosinariif or Clerici Elemosinarie, and sometimes Parvi Clerici; but better known'now, as the eight chorister boys. There were, also, numerous lay officers and servants. At present the chapter of the cathedral consist of a dean, to whom the supreme jurisdic- tion belongs, and four canons residentiary ; and the re- maining twenty-six prebendaries are now well understood to be sinecure appomtments. The twelve minor canons were incorporated by Richard II. under the title of" The Warden and College of Minor Canons," two of whom are called cardinals. The lord mayor's.cha^ain is the preacher on all state holidays ; viz.— 30th JAmiary, 29th May, 20th June and 5th November, on the fi«t Sunday in term, and the anni- versary of the great lire in 1666. The dean and canons residentiary preach aUemately every Sunday afternoon. The general preaching turns oocur in the following xotft' Hon: — New Year's day, Chakcellor. Epiphany, Ff eb, EiAsbnry. Conversion of St. Paul, Freb. Caddington Major* Piirif. BL V. Mary, fteb. Tdttenhall. 48 MEMBERS OF THE CATHEERAL. Preb. Kentifili Tows Preb. Pancras. Preb. Newington. Preb. Mora. Preb. Mapesbnry. Preb. Brownswood. DXAN. Preb. Wenlock's bara. Preb. Bromesbary. Abchdsacon of Essii Dean. Preb. Chiswick. Preb. Sneating. Preb. Hoxton. Abchd. Middlesex. Preb. Rugmere. Preb. Cbamberlain*s wood. Preb. Harleston. Preb. Holbom. Preb. Weldland. Preb. Islington. Preb. Willesdon. Preb. Reculver's-land. Preb. Neasdon. Preb. Portpool. Preb. Twyford. Ajlchd. Colchester. Preb. Consumpta per Mare. Preb. Oxgate. Preb. Ealdstreet. Preb. Caddington Minor. • Preb. Eadland. DSAN. Archd. of London. Precentor. Treasurer. The seven preaching hums marked with an asterisk were allotted lo the resident Canons and their deputies. There are two meetings of singular interest and benevo- St. Matthias, Ash Wednesday, Lady Day, Thursday before Easter, Good Friday, Easter Eve, Easter Sunday, St. Mark, St. Phil, and James, Ascension, Whit-Sunday, Whit-Monday, Whit-Tuesday, St. Barnabas, St. John Baptist, St. Peter, St. James, St. Bartholomew, St. Matthew,* St. Michael,* St Luke,* St. Simon and Jude,* All Saints,* St. Andrew,* St. Thomas,* Christmas-Day. St. Stephen, St. John. Holy Innocents, ANNUAL MEETINGS. 49 fence held annually in St Paul's Cathedral; the first usually takes place about the middle of May, which is termed, the Musical Festival of the Sons of the Clergy ; and had its origin in the year 1655, when the Key. G. Hall preached a sermon on the 8th November of that year, for the benefit of those widows and orphans of the established clergy, who had been reduced to mdigence, by the parliamentary sequestrations, which were enforced against the clergy. From this circumstance has arisen the present charitable establishment, now situated in St. John's Wood, Regent's Park, which is expressly for the purpose of maintaining, educating, and apprenticing the orphan children of the poorer clergy. On the anniversary of this day the service is attended by most of the nobility, which is preceded by a miscellaneous performance of sacred music, selected from the admirable compositions of Handel, generally his (Dettingen Te Deum,) Boyce, Attwood and others. To give greater effect to this performance, the three choirs of St. Paul's, Westminster Abbey, and the Chapel Royal, are expected to give their gratuitous attendance. The stewards who regulate the day's nomage are generally headed by the Lord Mayor ; some member of the roysd family commonly attends, besides the judges, and the highest civil as well as ecclesiastical dignitanes. The second of the two meetings, the former of which I have described, is even more popular and attractive ; and Lb usuaUy held on the first Thursday in June, for the pur- pose of collecting together all the children educated in the parochial schools of the metropolis. For this purpose a scaffolding is erected, occupying the whole space within the eight great piers under the dome, with a continuance of rising seats to the west window, for the accommodation of the public. Here the children assemble and offer up to Heaven their youthful devotions, in gratitude for the blessings they receive on earth. Upon this day they ap- pear in their new clothes, and the number usually amounts to 10,000. It is needless to say that the spectacle is one of the most imposing and affecting that can be witnessed. It is at once a display of pubhc benevolence, a gratefiJ tribute to the memory of our generous ancestors who esta- blished our charity schools, and an animating incentive to the present age to patronize them, and to transmit them to 50 ANNUAL M£SriN08. posterity. Such sights, formed of such mateiials^ are in- deed honourahle, and may well extort the admiration oi surrounding nations. Let us hope that they may not be slow to follow so noble an example as is presented by our country. Having now given the reader a description of the pre- sent Cathedral, wilh. the monuments and curiosities therein, it is not unlikely but he may fciel a little desirous of know- ing something rejecting' the ancienf Cathedral. Aecoid- in£:ly, I have subjoined a brief sketch of that also. The Model and Nelson's trophies were removed by order of the Board of Works, and with the consent of the Dean and Chapter, the 80th January, 1858. The Model was takfoi to the Kensington Mnseum for the purpose of being restored. The model room is now converted, into the Governnunt Record Office. PAET II. THE OLD CATHEDRAL, Thebe are many vague leg[ends upon record respecting the period at wnich Christianity was first propagated in Great Britain : and among them is one wmch attributes that service to the Apostle Paul, whose name distinguishes this Cathedral. But the degree of faith to be placed on the current sto- ries related of the primitive foundation of St. Paul's, may be inferred from the fact, that Sir Christopher Wren could only conjecture, that it was built upon the site of a Preetorian camp, established by the Romans, and reduced to ruins during the persecutions of Dioclesian, in the third century. Upon the ruins of that edifice, it is supposed another structure was raised, in the reign of Constantine the Great. But the relapses into paganism were fre- quent ; and the foundation of the Clmstian Church was extremely precarious, until the rei^ of Ethelbert, king of Kent, who conmienced the orifi^inal Cathedral, in the year 610, and also presented to the Bishop of London, and the monastery of St. Paul's, the manor of Tillingham in Essex, which it still retains, and 3,000 acres of marsh land, north of the city walls, which, however, is no longer possessed by the Church. Notwithstanding this encou- ragement, the progress of Christianity soon dwindled away, and thirty-eignt years had passed m apostacy, when St. Paul's was consecrated a-new by St. Onad ; but he was unable to retain possession, not having sufficient followers to support him, ne was therefore obliged to retire into Northumberland with many of his followers, where a riolent pestilence depopulated the province. Erkenwol^ M THE OLD CATHEDRAL. was the fourth Bishop of London, whose name has been Ycry honourably preserved; he was a shining example of the religion he professed, and the Church which he ^ vemed ; and was very successful in obtaining many privi- leges from the pope, and he added many endowments to its revenues. However, the bright fame of the see sud- denly fell awav after his death, (his name is ranked among the saints of the English Church,) which occurred in the year 686. From this time, but Httle indeed is related of j St. Paul's during two centuries. About the close of the ninth century, we learn, that it was reduced to ashes by a fire, and that it was soon after rebuilt by Alfred the Great, under much more favourable i circumstances, and that it was then settled under the administration of his daughter, EthelMda. History also informs us, that the mou£S of St. Paul's made the £rst translation of the Scriptures into the Saxon tongue; and that they likewise taught the first school that was ever opened in this kingdom for the study of Greek. Dunstan, the samt whese name bears so conspicuous a figure in English history, both as a statesman and a pre- late, was the next bishop ; his administaration was long and vigorous ; and when he died in 988, it is said, the glory of St. Paul's died with him. It was to the pious attention of the monastery of St. Paul's, that the conversion of Canute the Dane was attri- buted, who amply proved his sense of the favour, by the grants he bestowed upon the clergy, more especially upon the Cathedral. The rank of Dean of St. Paul's was first instituted in this reign, and was by Canute endowed with a revenue for the support of its dignity. This structure, with me city, was destroyed again by a conflagration in 1086. Maurice, then bishop of London, immediately com* menced the magnificent edifice, which preceded the pre- sent Cathedral. Of such magnitude was the building, that neither Maurice, nor his successor, De Belmeis, were able to complete .the undertaking, though each of them presided twenty years, and expended immense sums in the prosecution of the work. De Belmeis also found means to lay the first stone and founded St Paul's Grammar School, about the year 11 16, which has exiBtelding^ and the west end of the church was con- verted into a stable ; also, the stately new portico into shops for milliners and others, with lodging-rooms over them ; by the erection of which the magnificent columns were greatly damaged,, being, as they were, rudely mangled ffiod perforated, to make way for the ends of beams, which penetrated their centres. Thus destitute of every possible resource of worship, and deprived of every ornament, St, Paul's gradually declined to a state of utter ruin. And here it is worthy of remark that, what the negleet and malevolence of man thus hurried on to decay, an iio* cident of nature soon precipitated into the last staite of dcstniction, for on the night of Saturday, September 2nd, 60' THE OLD CATHEDRAL. 1666, a fire broke out near the spot on which the Mo* pument now stands, (Fish Street Hill,) and spread with irresisitble fury over the devoted city ; the flames, wrap- ping everything with fire, proceeded on in two great volumes, one of which consumed Cheapside, and the other all that stood before it between Watlin^ Street and the river. On the following^ Monday evening, this double element of fury joined m St. Paul's Church Yard, and darting over the roof, quickly reduced to ashes all that was combustible in the venerable pile. Having now triumphed (says Dugdale) over all opposition, it ceased spontaneously, as if by a command from Heaven. The massy walls, the work of years, and the duration of ages, stood above the universal devastation in the most awml sublimity. And now again once more, much doubt and consideration ensued, in order to determine what best could be done with this range of grand ruin, which covered a space of ^ound nearly equal to three acres and a half. Several meffectual attempts were made to repair it, and at last commissioners were appointed to make a report upon the subject, and fortunately for posterity, they agreed in recommending the building of a New Cathetotl, that should equal, if not excel, the splendour of the old one. For this purpose letters patent were granted to several lords spiritual and temporal, authorising them to proceed in the work, which was confided to tne genius of Sir Christopher Wren, and the existing monument is a glorious proof of the happiness of the trust. Contributions were made with such rapidity, that in the first ten years above 126,000/. were paid into the Chamber of London. A new duty was also levied on coals, which on an average produced 5000/. per annum; to this his Majesty generously contributed lUOO/. a-year. All things being now ready, and many difficulties surmounted, it was settled that Sir Christopher Wren should have a salary of 200/. a-year, for superintending and directing the progress of the works, part of which the commissioners reserved in hand, to ensure the speedy completion of the building. Accordingly Sir C. Wren commenced taking down the old walls. In order to this he first had recourse to gunpowder, and afterwards to the battering ram. The removal of the rubbish to the amount of 47,0(X) loads, proved exceedingly laborious, as well as dangerous, several men being killed THE OLD CATHEDRAL. 63 in the progress of the work. In clearing away the founda- tion oi this ancient pile, Sir Christopher perceived that the old church stood upon a layer of very close and hard pot-earth, about six feet deep on the north side; but CTadually thinning towards the south, till on the decline of uie hill it was scarce four feet deep; yet he concluded that the same ground which had borne so weighty a build- ing before migiit reasonably be trusted again. This preliminary work being completed, the first stone of the new, that is to say the present, cathedral, was laid on the 21 St of June, 1675, during the reign of Charles the Second, and the choir was opened for divine service, on tli^e day of thanksgiving for the peace of Ryswick, December 2nd, 1697, and the last or highest stone of the building was laid at the top of Ihe lantern in the year 1710. The whole 'structure was thus completed in thirty-five years, by one architect. Sir Christopher Wren ; and one master mason, Mr. T. Strong, and while one prelate. Dr. H. Compton, filled the See of London. So commendable an instance of public spirit and per- sonal ability cannot be too often inculcated for the example of other days. Since, whereas St. Peter's at Rome, which is the only compeer in the world with the Metropolitan .Cbinrch orGreat Britain, occupied a series of 145 years in building, and required the aid of twenty successive archi- tects to complete it, St. Paul's was completed in the comparatively short space of 35 years, and by one archi- tect. It may not be uninterestingin this place to mention a few events noticed by Stow, Dugdale, and others, as havin^^ occurred within the walls of St. Paul's, as they serve m some degree to illustrate the times. Here, a. d. 1213, King John signed an acknowledgment of the Pope's sapremacy, and resigned his kingdom. In 1377, Wickliflf, the Reformer, was cited to appear in the cathedral, and defend his doctrines; when a great controversy ensued. During the conflict between the houses of York and Lancaster, St. Paul's was frequently the scene of stirring circumstances connected therewith. Henry VI. visited it under various alternations of fortune daring his troubled reign, and his dead body was ultimately e:rao8ed there to the gaze of the people. In 1461, Edward, his successor, and probably his mm- ^4 THE OLD CATHEDRAL. derer, after having been crowned at Westminster, went to the cathedral " in honour of God !" When, Stowe says, an angel came down and cursed him. 1485,. Henry VII. visited St. Paul's in state, after the battle of Boswortl^ and deposited three banners with much ceremony. In 1514, Richard Hun was hung in a tower at the south- west comer of the church for heresy, a Wickliflf's bible having been found in his house. On Whitsunday, 1522, Cardinal Wolsey performed mass here before Hen];y VIII. In 1547, nearly all the images of saints in this church, and also throughout England, were pulled down and destroyed. In 1552, on the first of November, Ridley first used the New Common Prayer, and also preached without cope or vestment.* 1569, the first lottery in England was drawn at the west door of this churcn ; it consisted of 400,000 chances at ten shillings each, and the prizes were of plate. The drawing began on the 11th January, 1569, and con- tinued incessantly drawing, day and night, till the 6th of May following. It was first intended to have been drawn at the house of Mr. Dericke, her Majesty's servant (J. C. her jeweller), but was afterwards drawn as above- mentioned. In 1612, King James, in favour of the plantation of English colonies in Virginia, granted a lottery to be drawn at the west end of St. Paul's ; whereof one Thomas Shar- plys, a tailor of London, won the chief prize, which was 4000 crowns in plate. In the reign of Queen Mary it was customary for beggars to solicit charity in the body of the church, which was also made a common thoroughfare of by porters, carriers, and foot passengers in general. To abate this nuisance, it was absolutely necessary to pass an Act of Parliament, which contained the following re- cital. ** For that now of late years, many of the inhabi- tants of the City of London, and other people repairing thither, have, and yet do commonly use and accustom themselves, very unseemly and irreverently, the more ttie pity, to make the common carriage of great vessels fioll of ale, and beer ; great baskets full of bread, fish, flesh, and THE OLD CATHEDRAL. 65 such otlier things; fardels (sacks, bundles) of stuff, and other gross wares and things, through me Cathedral Church of St Paul's ; and some in leading moyles (mules), horses and other beasts through the same Uniyersity/' In 1299, the Dean of St. Paul's proclaimed from the famous Powly's Crosse (St. Paul's Cross), that all persons searching for treasure, or consenting thereto, in the Church of St. Martin's-le- Grande, were accursed ; and it was here also, in 1483, that Jane Shore, with a taper in one haad, and arrayed in her " kyrtell onelye," was exposed to open penance. In 1633, preaching Sennons at St. Paul's Cross was discontinued i and in 1643 it wbb altogether taken down. APPBirDIX. The following is a traiislation of the mscripdoii cm Dr. Johnson's monument, for a description of which see page 12. To Samuel Johbtson, a grammarian and critic, most learnedly read in the English aathon, a poet truly admirable for the brilliancy of his periods and the weight of his words ^ the gravest preceptor of virtue, and a singfular example of the best of men ; who lived seventy-five years, two months, and fourteen dayi^ Died on the ides of December, in the year of Christ, 1784. Near the door leading to the crypt or vaults is a statue by Bekenes. On the pedestal is the following inscrip- tion: — Statue of the late VEajor-General Sib John Thomas Jonbs, Bart.» K.C.B. Erected by his surviving Brother Officers of the Royal Engineen in testimony of, their sense of his hieh professional attainmentSi and of his impor&nt military servicefi. His honourable career extended fix>m A.D. 1797 to A.D. 1843 APFBNDIZ* 07 The statue to the memory of Sir Astley Cooper is very elegant, and cenerally pronounced to be a correct likeness cf the original by E/H. Bailey, 1846, with the following fnscriptioii^^— SiJi AsTLET Pjiston Oooper, Bart K.C,H. F.R.S. D.C.L. Member of the National Institute of Franea^ Serjeant-Sargeon to their late Majesties George IV., William IV., to her present H^eety Queen Victoria, and for a period of forty-twcr yean Surgeon to Guy's Hospital. Bom 1768; died 1842. Animated by a fervent attachment to the science and practice of his profession, it wa& the study of his life to augment and exemplify the resources of surgery; OBd by a most assiduous, benevolent, and euecessfnl application of his time and talents to this Doble department of the healing arty not his country alone, but the world became indebted to his exertions, and familiar with his fame. As a memorial of his excellence, and theur admiiation^ his contemporaries and pupils have erected this Monument, to perpetuate his name and his example. A monument has lately been erected to the memory of Sir Pulteney Malcolm, one of England's Naval heroes. Sir Fulteney was Captain of the Donegal, under Nelson, but from his vessel having suffered in a gale of wind, he was unable to reach Trafalgar till the victory was won; if, however, it be more honourable to save than to destroy, Sir Pulteney had his full share of the glory of the battle, by rescuing a number of brave seamen from the general Wreck. The monument consists of a very splendid statue, by £. H. Bailey, rather larger than life, and is considered a very correct representation of the original. Sir Pulteney is represented standing with folded arms, a telescope under 98 APPENDIX. his lefl, and his naval cloak hanging loosely over his shoulders. On the pedestal is the following inscription : — In memory of Admii-al Sir Pulteney Malcolm, G.CB. Born at Buiiifoot of £sk, Dumfries-shire. Died at East Lodge, Middlesex, on the 20th of July, 1838, in his 70th year. As an officer, distinguished in every rank, by his skill, zeal, and courage ; Well tried in the battle and the breeze, And by a mild, but efficient system of discipline. Tlirice appointed by his sovereiefn to the command-in-chief of a British fleet ; on one occasion co-operating with a French squadron, which he also had the honour of commandinfi:. Whilst he supported the honour of the British flag, he obtained the respect and esteem, not only of our ^ies, but of those against whom hostilities were commenced or in contemplation, which, by his conciliatory and moderate conduct, He contributed to terminate or avert. Active and amiable in all the duties and relations of private life^ whenever his services were not required at sea, he passed most of his time in his native Eskdale. where his kindness to all classes, &nd his indefatigable endeavours to promote their welfare, will be as fully appreciated as his public services have been by other friends, not only of the United Sertiec* but of every rank and profession of civil life, by whom thia Monument baa been erected. APPENDIX. 69 In the first panel of the bays is a small but very chaste tabular monument to Captain Granville Qower Loch, by Baron Marochetti. The Captain is represented standing on a rock as a place of refuge, his men are looking up to him as if desirous to follow. Behind him is an opening in the rock through which he received the fatal shot. It has the following inscription — Sacred to the memory of Q&ANVILLB GOWBR LoCH, Companion of the Order of the Bath, Capt. of H.M.*s Shif Winchester, who fell in the service of his coontiy near Donabew, on the Biver Irrawaddy, on the 4th of Feby., 1853, in the 40th year *»* In the corresponding panel opposite is a tabular Monu- ment to the memory of Captain Lyons, executed by Mr. M. Noble, A.R.A., sculptor. This is generallv considered very handsome On close examination the figure of the Captain may be seen standing on deck, vigorously attacking the batteries of Sebastopol, which is seen in the distance. Beneath the vessel, in otto rilievo, is an excellent medal 70 APPENDIX. aon likeness of the gallant Captain, encircled in a 'vrreath of laurel, also the following inscription — Sacred to the memory of Captain Edmukp Mowbrat Ltohs, Eoyal Navy, Son of Rear- Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons, Bart., Q-.C.B., K.C.H., Commander-in-Chief of Her Majest/s Fleet, in the Black Soa and Mediterranean, imder whose orders he engaged the Batteries of Sevastopol, in n.M.S. Miranda, on the 18th of June, 1355, and there was mortally ^woimded, having just returned from the command of the squadron in the Sea of Azov, where his brilliant successes were warmly acknowledged by his Sovereign *< Who mourned his loss as one who was so bright an ornament to the Navy." Cut off in the prime of life, the path to the highest earthly honours opening before him. He died as a Hero and a Christian should die. This tablet is erected in deepest grief by the Officers and Ship's Company of H.M.S. Miranda, who had served under him in the Baltic, White Sea, Black Sea, and the Sea of Azov, and who loved and revered him possessing as he did every manly attribute every endearing quality. He died on thee 28rd dl June, 1855, aged 36. Wi, L M-EL KV_ APPENDIX. 71 Near the south-west door is the Inkermann Monument, to the officers of the Coldstream Guards. This Cenotaph, of which we here present our readers with an engraying, was erected in 1856 ; it is the work of the Baron Marochetti, and is graceful and dignified. The in- scription is from the pen of the Dean- of St. Paul's (Dr. Milman), the entahlature of the Monument is supported by the effigies of two soldiers of the regiment bending oyer a representation of the tomb in the Crimea, and below it are inscribed their several names and designations. The whole is surmounted by the colours of the regiment ; between which, above the Monument, is a tablet Dearing the fol* lowing inscription : — These Oolonrs belonged to the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Quaids, and were presented by Colonel the Honourable Qeoige Upton, C.B. and the officers of the Ee^ment. \nth the sanction of Field-Marshal the Earl of Strafford, G.C.B., Colonel of the Begiment. As a tribute to the gaiUont and devoted conduct of their comrades who f eU at the BATTLE OF INKEBMANN, and whose names are recorded on this Cenotaph. And the victory th&t day was turned into mourning. Sacred to the memory. of Capt HsHRT M. BonvBBn^ Capt. Fbbd H. Bamsdbn, Lt. Edward A. Disbbowk, Lt. C. Hubert Grbvillb, Lt.-Col. the Hon. T. Yesbt Dawsoh, Capt. the Hon. Qrabville C. C. Eliot, Capt. Ltonel D. Maoedtkon, Lt.-Col. J* C MURRAT COWBLL, of the Coldstream Guards, who fell at the Battle of Inkermann, Nov. 5, 1854. Brothers in arms, in glory, and in death. They were buried in one grave. A BEIEF SKETCH OF IB! FUNERAL OV THB LATE DUKE OF WELLINGTON, IH St. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, Nov. 18, 1862. Pbeparations for the funeral were commenced in this noble edifice on the 18th of October, by temporarily hoard- ing up all the monuments to prevent the possibility of injury during the progress of the works, which wete ex* ecuted by Messrs. William Oubitt and Co., under the direc- tion of Mr. Phillips from the Board of Works, assisted by Mr. Plucknett, junior partner of the above firm. At the commencement about 200 men only were employed, which number was very soon incfeased to 500, and the second week to 1500, when everj portion of the interior presented a scene of busy industry from. 6 in the morning till 10 and sometimes 12 at night. The short days of November left the workmen so little dayliffht, that it was found necessarv to lay down gas-pipes, upon Doth sides of the nave, from the great west door into the centre of the dome, by the aid of which the men were enabled to carry on their labours. When all these gas jets were lighted up the whole interior of St. Paul's appeared changed, the brilliant flame altered the character of the building and its shadows, — arches, cherubim, chaplets, cornices, and innumerable ornaments, were discovered, which few people rarely, if ever, noticed before. But what can I say of the sounds, to convey an idea of the tumul- tous reverberations which were from morning to night, and often till mom again, ke]>i up within the building ? The hammer and sledge were incessantly at work in every comer of the edifice, above and below, and the reiterated blows APPENDIX. 78 on the iron bolts and ties, moie or less blending into one sound, fonned a ceaseless and deafening din, unlil^e apy other people are accustomed to hear. The works were continued daily with urgent and increasing zeal, up to Monday the 15th of Noyember, when it beSune evident the fittings could not be completed by the time appoiated, therefore, it was absolutely necessary for the men to work all nieht, Tuesday and Wednesday. At 6 o'clock on Thursday morning, the 18th, the men were quite exhausted, for want of rest, and were lyiii^ about the floor in all directions in the greatest contusion. Ei^ht hundred were paid^ off before 8 o'clock, and the remamder sent to the architect's office to receive their wages. Two galleries were erected, one on each side of the nave, leaving a dear space of twenty feet between them ; two other galleries of a circular form were erected over the great west door, and joined those on each side of the nave ; others were carried back in each of the ambulatories. Three galleries were erected in the north and south transepts. The principal beams for the two great galleries on each side of the dome were each ninety feet long, and eighteen inches square, the uprights and rafters attached being equally proportioned in thickness and strength. The upper gallery in each transept commenced at the great cornice, and was carried to the very top of the windows over the north and south portico respectively. It will be evident that the work of rearing this immense weight of timber, and carrying it to its proper place and completion, was one of spreat difficulty and some danger. Although accom- pliwed by a simple and primitive contrivance of machinery, it required the united efforts of 200 labourers. And it is worthy remark, only two slight accidents occurred during the whole progpress of erecting and removing. In a line with the base of the dome, and stretching from the capital of the pilasters, which, in equal partitions, mark out the walls of nave and tnuisept throughout the length and breadth of St. Paul's, a simnle, but most effective decoration was called into use, whicn served at the same time to light the base of the dome, semicircular arches, and roof with a line of bright flame. This was effected by laying gas-pipes on the great cornice, passing over the semicircular arches, and in straight lines through- out the north and south transepts, on the cornices of each W APPENDIX gallery, to the end of the choir, containmg upwards of fortythousand gas-jets; the magnificent bold cornice of ^e Whispering Gallery was also surrounded with a bright ring of light ; and the windows being all darkened greatly increased the solemnity of the scene. The temporary floor of the nave was laid with three-inch plank, and coyered with black baize, and at each side was a long bench, extending from the west entrance to the circmar area under the dome, behind which rose, for the space of three feet, a wooden partition, decorated, at intervals of two or three feet, by escutcheons of the late Duke, in black satin with white borders. Behind this partition were situated seats for the military and naval officers placed tier above tier, so as to command a view of the procession to the «rea. The funeral car, drawn by twelve splendid black horses, selected from the firm of Messrs. Smith and Co., distillenr, Whitechapel, arrived at the western door of the Cathedral at half-past 12: the bier bearing the coffin was then transferred from the ''car," by a turntable, to the tempo- rary rising platform, which by very simple machinery was brought to the level of the floor of the nave, which had already been prepared wifch two chases to guide the wheels to the centre of the dome, where a richly-gilt reading desk, shaped like a spread eagle, had been placed. The whole eflect of the internal arrangements and decorations of the Cathedral was in accordance with the well-known chioacter of the late Duke — simple, yet grand. A solemn scene now commenoed, one to remember and dwell upon, and fitted to impress a profitable lesson on the mind of the most thoughtless observer. As the procession moved from the great western entrance, a universal hush prevailed, and the whole of the vast assemblage stood up in respectful grief, as the coffin containing the mortal re- mains of the great Duke passed on, preceded by the choir with measured tread, who chanted the sublime music of tiie burial service composed by Croft, Greene, and Purcell. A dais of honour had been prepared under the dome to receive the coffin from the bier, and to descend with it into the crypt below, an opening twelve feet long and seven wide having been made in the floor for this purpose. A delay of a few minutes occurred whilst the coffin was being removed from ihe bier to the 4ais ; the very Reverend Dean, Dr. Milmani APPENBTX. 75 read the prayers and lessons, after which Mr. Goss, the cathedral organist, played a dirge he had composed ex* pressly for the occasion, then followed one of the most -affecting sights ever witnessed, namely the lowering of the coffin of Arthur Duke of Wellington fnto the crypt, where it rested on the sarcophagus of the tomb of the immortal Nelson, and remained twelve months and two days cased in three-inch plank ; whilst this part of the ceremony was being effected the Intensely pathetic passages in ^^ Handel's Dead March " were played on the organ accompanied by wind instruments of wood and brass ; excepting the sounds of the music and the sobs of the multitude not a murmur could be heard — ^the spectators seemed scarcely to breathe, but with fixed eyes gazed on the crimson coffin and gilded coronet, occasionally glancing at some distant object, doubt- ful whether the former were really disappearing from the scene, so admirably was the descent managed. Like the setting sun it went down slowly but surely, and at length yanished altogether, just at the moment the organ gave out the last solemn chord of the Dead March ; then the long lingering gaze, the breathless silence, and tearful eyes of thousands of spectators seemed to bid a last and solemn farewell to him who had so lately been the object of their admiration and honour. An almost audible thrill ran through the congregation as the Dean pronounced the fiignificant words " Earth to earth, ashes to ashes," and at the same moment the dust was thrown down on the coffin by the Dean's verger, clerk of the Cathedral ; at the Lord's prayer the whole congregation repeated it aloud, producing an effect which no words can describe, it was so awful and solemn. The musical portion of the service concluded with Mendelssohn's Corale, " Sleepers, Wake," from the St. Paul, ftfter which Dn Blomfield, Bishop of London, pronounced the blessing, and so terminated a grand service and ceremo- nial such as had never before been witnessed. It is worthy of note that the organist usually sits on the east side of the organ, where the keyboards and drawstops are placed, but on this occasion new movements were spe- cially made and erected on the west side of the organ, in order that the organist might see and hear the choir and instrumentalists. At the time of the funeral, much difference of opinion existed as to the part o^ the crypt in which the remailif 76 A7FEin>IX. should be placed. The tomb of Nelson already occupied the portion of the vault immediately beneath the centre of the dome of the Cathedral ; and many considered that to place the Duke on either side of Nelson would not be treat- ing the soldier with sufficient distinction. Some proposed that the Duke of Wellington and Lord Nelson shomd be placed side by side in an enlarged tomb, but this idea was, for many reasons, abandoned. On the day of the funeral, the Duk^ coffin was lowered to the flat top of the sarcophagus, wnich coyers Nelson, (the coronet and cushion of the viscount having been pre- viously removed) ; and here the enriched coffin of the Duke remained enclosed by a wooden casing, which hid both the tomb of Nelson and the remains of the Duke. In 1854, the coffin was moved down an inclined plane from the centre of the area fto the middle of a square chamber, about forty feet to the east (almost immediately under the entrance to the choir of the church), in which compartment of the crypt no interment had previously taken place. Meanwhile, the Duke's tomb had been prepared from the design of Mr. Penrose (the present Gathedral surveyor, and successor to Mr. Professor Oockerell). The Continent was searched in vain for a block of stone liurge enough for the purpose required, but fortunately a block of porphyry, weighing upwards of seventy tons, had been laying for a^es in a field in the parish of Luxulyan, in Cornwall, and, being regarded by the people with great veneration, it had es- caped the destruction which had befEdlen many of its fel- lows. Steam-power was employed to cut and polish it on the spot. And when completeid it was reduced to about seventeen tons ; the cost of the block and workmanship in Cornwall amounted to £1100. The tomb is of the sarchopha^s form, is brilliantly polished, and bears on one side the inscription ARTHUR, DUKE OP WELLINGTON, on the opposite, BORN MAY 1, 1769, DIED SEPT. 14^ 1862. At each end, upon the porphyry boss, is an heraldic cross ; the several letters of the inscriptions and of the crosses being in ^old outline, the effect upon the rich colour of the porphyry is very striking. The sarcophagus is placed ~^T)on a massive plinth of Aberdeen gramite^ ab:mt fou:r APPENDIX. 77 feet high, and at each comer is sculptured the head of a sleeping lion — ^also in ffranite. The sarcophagus was con- yeyed to the Cathedral in two pieces, the lid and the main portion ; the latter was carved out the exact size of the rich coffin, the lid was also carved to receive the coronet and cushion. The coffin was finally deposited in the sarcophagus with due solemnity on the 15tn of Api^ 1858, in the presence of his Grace, the present Duke of Wellington, Lord John Manners, Chief Commissioner of the Board of Works ; Dr. Milman, Dean of St. Paul's; and Mr. Penrose, the Architect. It was then hermeticallv closed. At each of the four angles of the vault is a candelahrum of polished red Aberdeen granite, surmounted by a ball, through which rises the gas to the jets which light the tomb and crypt. The flooring has been relayed with Minton's tiles. If you stand at the left comer looking westward, the sarcophagus of Wellington is seen in the foreground, and that of Nelson in the distance. This sight of the tombs of two of England's most illustrious heroes at one glance is very solemn and impressive. We have previously described the last scene of lowering the coffin into the crypt, which was so highly commended by all who witnessed the solemn ceremony. The apparatus employed was of the simplest, yet most effective kind, imder the direction of Mr. Nicholson, chief engineer to Messrs. Cubitt and Co., who had the sole Inanagement of all the machinery employed on the occasion. It consisted only of two ^' crabs" connected together, so that they acted simultaneously ; and four chains, one to each comer of the platform, on which the bier was placed, which received the coffin from the funeral car. As the men worked the ^^ crabs," the chains gradually lowered, and the coffin de- scended beneath the pavement of the cathedral. A strong framing of timber was raised in the crvpt. to cury the platform on which rested the bier, and all the chains and pulleys used in lowering the platform, so that there waf no strain on the vaulted groining of the crjpt.. 78 APPENDIX DESCRIPTION OP THE COFFINS. The aeoompanying engraying will conyey to the reader some idea of the appearance of the sumptuous and magni- ficent outer coffin, which is constructed of solid Spanish mahogany^ covered with the richest crimson Genoa Telyet, and is divided into panels by largo gilt nails ; on the gUt angle plates the ducal coronet is engrayed. The ring- handles on the sides and ends are all gilt. In the lower portion of the upper part of the lid are ihe Duke's arms, and in the centre of the foot panel is the 8tar of the Order of the Garter. The central inscription plate is gilt, and bears the following words :— * Thb Most High, Mighty, and Most Noble, PBnroB AbtHUB, DlTKB OF WELLINGTON, MabQUIS DoiTBO, EaBL or Wblleslst, Yisoouitf Wellington op Talaveba and OP Wellington, and Babon Doubo op Wellington, Knight OP THE Most Noble Obdeb op the Gabteb, Knight Gbahd Cboss op the Most Honoubable Obdeb op the Gabteb, Knight Gband Cboss op the Bath, one op Heb Majesty's Most Honov&able Pbivt Oovncil, and Field-Marshal AND Comkandeb-in-Chiep OP Heb Majesty's Foboee. Bom 1st May, 1769. Died 14th September, 185^ Aged 83 years. The outer coffin, although very handsome and 8umptuoii% would have been more so had the undertaJcers been awar« that it was Her Majesty's intention to haye a state funeraL Within this outer coffin is another made of English oak handsomely finished, and again within this a lead coffin of twice the usual strength ; this encloses the pine shell wherein the body is placed. The whole of the coffins were made by Messrs. Holland and Dowbig^n, of Mount Street, but the pine shell was made by the I\uke's carpenter, at Walmer. 79 BISHOPS OF LONDON, VftOM THE ENDOWMENT OF THE CHURCH BT ATHELSTANt DEANS, FHOH THE FOUNDATION OF THE OFFICE BT CANUTE S AIMO, PRECENTORS, CHANCELLORS, AND TREASURERS. ATHSLSTAir, 024. Bdvuvd, 041. Ebbbs, 048. Edwy, 060. Edoas, 050. Xbwabd, 075. Bthxuubs, 078* BoMinrD, lOie. OAisvTa, 1017. fUROU), 1085. HABDICAirOTB, 1080. XbW. Ck>VVBSBOB, 1041. HaroU), 1066. WiLLIAH I., 'J066. Wtlliax II., 1067. Hbnbt 1., 1100. 1185. Hbtot II., 1154. BiCBABD I., 1189. Jomr, 1100. HxKmT IIL, 1910. BSWABP 1., 1S?S» EowABD Iln 1M9. ESWABD III , 1837. BUhopt. ^ Theodred or Theodore. Brighthelm. Dunstaiu Elstan. Wulstan, Ailwin. Ailwy. AUwaid. Robert WiUiam. Hugh de Orwell. Maurice, 1088. Richard de Belmeis, 1108. OUbert, 1128. Robert de Sigillo, 1141. Rich, de Belmeis II., 1 152. Gilbert Foliot, 1168. Richard Fitatnigel, 1180. W. de Saacta Maria, 1108. B. de Faaeonberg, 1221. Robert Niger, 1229. Falk BaMet, 1241. Henry deWengham, 1250. Heniy de Sandwich, 1262. John de Chishnll, 1278. Rich, de GraTesend, 1280. Ralph 40 Baldoek, 1804. DeaTM. Gilbert de SeagniTe, 1818. Richard de Newport, 1817. Steph. de Grareiend, 1818. Rich, de Wentworth, 1888. Ralph de Stratford, 1840. Mich. d^^JlTorthburg. 1854. LoTeganu. Godwin. Sjrred. Ailwin. Luiredot. Wulftan. William. Ralph de Langfori* Hugh de Mamy. Ralph de Dioeto, 1181. Alar&os de Bomham. Gervase de Hobrugg, 1216!. Robert de Watford, 1219. Martin dePateshuU, 1228. GeofOry de lioiej, 1231. W. deSaneta Maria, 1241. Henry de Comhill, 1244. Walter de Saleme, 1254 Robert de Barton, 1256w Peter de Newport. Richard Talbot. GeoffrydeFeringei, 1268. John de Ghishnll, 1268. Hervey de Boreham, 1274. Thos. de Inglethorp, 1276^ Roger de la Leye, 1288. Wm. de Montlbid, 1285. Ralph de Baldock, 1204. Raymond de la Goth,1806. Arnold de GantUapo, 1807. John de Sandale, 1814. Richard de Newport,1814. Yitalie de Testa, 1816. John de ETerdon, 1828. Gilbert de Bruera, 188^ R. de KilminKton, 18' Walter de Alderbury, 8) »¥•. BIORABS II., ISTT, HxniT IT., 1M0. HantT v., 141S. HantT TI., I4». ESWABD lY., 1400. Edwabd v., 1488. RlCBAKD III., 148S. Hbxbt YIL, 1489. HmT YUL, 1M9. Edwabd TI^ 1547. HiAT, 1668. BUSABSTB, 1668. Jajos In 1008. OSAKUM I., 1086 I n,, 1800. JAxas II., 1086. WlJUUAV III., 1089. ▲nrx, 1702. eZOltOB I., 1714. ObO&GB lln 17S7 ttBOBOB III., 1700. 6aOB«B nr., 1890. WZLUAX IV., 1880. vtoaMMt I88r. BISHOPS AND DEANS. BUhopt. Siniw de Sndburjr, iSOl. WilUam Courtney, 1875. Robert Braybrook, 1881. Roger Walden, 1404. Nieh. Bubbewich, 1400. Richard Clifford, 1407. John Kemp, 1422. William Gray, 1428. Robert Fitxhugb, 1481. Robert Gilbert, 1480. Thomai Kamp» 1440. Richard Hill, 1480. Thomas Savage, 1400. WiUiam Warham, 1502. William Barnes, 1604. Richard Fiti^ames, 1608. CuthbertTunstall, 1522. John Stolcetley, 1680. Bdmund Bonner, 1580. Nicholas Ridley, 1550. Edmund Bonner, 1558. Edmund Grindall, 1660. Edwin Sands, 1670. John Elmer, 1670. Richard Fletcher, 1504. Richard Bancroft^ 1507. Richard Vaughan, 1004. Thomas Ravis, 1007. George Abbot, 1810. John King, 1011. George Mountaigne, 1021. WilUam Land, 1628. William Juxon, 1888. Gilbert Sheldon, 1060. HamphreyHenchmanlOOO Heniy Compton, 1876. John Robinson, 1718. Edmund Gibson, 1728. Thomas Sherlodc, 1748. Thomas Hayter, 1761. Rich. Osbaldeston, 1782. Richard Terrick, 1764. Robert Lowth, 1777. BeUby Porteus, 1787. John Randolph, 1806. WiUiam Howley, 1818. Thomas Trilleek, 188S. John de Appleby, 1804. Thomas de Euro, 18B0. Thomas Stow, 1400. Thomas Moor, 1400. Reg.Kentwod^ 1481. Thomas Lysieuz, 1441. Lawrence Bath, 1468. WilUam Say, 1457 . Roger RadcUff, 1468 Th. Winterburne, 1471. WUUam Worsley, 1479. Robert Sherbum, 148S. John Colet, 1505. Richard Pace, 1519. Richard Sampson, 168t John Incent, 1540. WUIiam Hay, 1545. John Feckenham, 1554. Henry Cole, 1556. W. May, restored, 1550. Alexander NoweU, 160QU John OfenU, 1808. Oiiai. Jai. Blomileld, 1888 Axeh.Caiii^IlBit^l8S6. Valentine Carey, 1614. John Donne, 1621. Thomas Winniff, 1Q8I. Matthew Nicholas, 1600. John Barwick, 1661. WiUiam Sancroft, 1084. Edward StiUingfleet, 1677 John TiUotson, 1680. WilUam Sherlock, 1601. Henry Godolphin, 1707. Francis Hare, 1726. Joseph Botler, 1740. Thomas Seeker, 1750. John Hume, 1758. Fred. CornwaUis, 1786 ' Thomas Newton, 1788. Thomas Thurlow, 1788. G«orge Tomline, 1787. Wm. Van Mildert, 1880. Charles Ric. Sumner,18Sndon. PRIZE GLEE, for four voices (Alto, two Tenors, and Bass), " thou sweet bird." Price 2^. GLEE, for four voices (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, and Bass). " Break forth thou radiant god of day." Price 2s. GLEE, for four voices (Alto, two Tenovs, and Bass), " Come silent evening o'er us." Price 2,9. PART SONG, for four voices (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, and Bass), " Memory." Price 1^. PART SONG, for fovr voices (Soprano, x\i o. Tenor, smd. Bass), " Oh ! were I but a drop of dt .? ! " Price ]s. PRIZE GLEE, for four voices (Alto, tv o "enors, aUd Bass), " Ye gentle muses." Price 2.' . SONG, " The Corsair's Bride." Price 2s. SONG, « Oh, 'tis love." Price 2^. ALSO PUBLISHED BY MESSRS. DUFF AND HODGSON, ' 65, OxFOJiD Street, London. SONG, Longfellow's Pialm of Life. " Tell me not, in mournful number;;." Price 25. And may he had at the Authar^s residence, 38, Red Lion Square. ALSO, COMPOSED BY A. REGINALD DE HELY, BeaiUifully Printed i.i Gold and Colours, after Illumina- tmis of the Fifteenth Century^ price 3.s'. This Anthem has been honoured with the most flatter- ing notices from the distinguished i>ersonages, musical amateurs, and critics to whom it has been submitted. THE BORROWER WILL BE CHARGED AN OVERDUE FEE IF THIS BOOK IS NOT RETURNED TO THE LIBRARY ON OR BEFORE THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW. NON-RECEIPT OF OVERDUE NOTICES DOES NOT EXEMPT THE BORROWER FROM OVERDUE FEES. ED 1